![]() ![]() Children with autism are less likely to make requests or share experiences, and are more likely to simply repeat others' words (echolalia). Both autistic groups performed worse than controls at complex language tasks such as figurative language, comprehension and inference. As people are often sized up initially from their basic language skills, these studies suggest that people speaking to autistic individuals are more likely to overestimate what their audience comprehends. This is closely associated with sameness and an independent validation has suggested combining the two factors. Selectivity is the most common problem, although eating rituals and food refusal also occur. Although some children with autism also have gastrointestinal symptoms, there is a lack of published rigorous data to support the theory that children with autism have more or different gastrointestinal symptoms than usual. However, they reported lower levels of closeness and intimacy than siblings of children with Down syndrome siblings of individuals with ASD have greater risk of negative well- being and poorer sibling relationships as adults. Typically, autism cannot be traced to a Mendelian (single- gene) mutation or to a single chromosome abnormality, and none of the genetic syndromes associated with ASDs have been shown to selectively cause ASD. No evidence has been found for these claims, and some such as the MMR vaccine have been completely disproven. ![]() This has led to unsupported theories blaming vaccine. How autism occurs is not well understood. Its mechanism can be divided into two areas: the pathophysiology of brain structures and processes associated with autism, and the neuropsychological linkages between brain structures and behaviors. ![]() It is not known whether early overgrowth occurs in all children with autism. It seems to be most prominent in brain areas underlying the development of higher cognitive specialization.
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